HEAD LICE

It is important to note that having head lice is not an indicator of poor hygiene or low socioeconomic status.

What are Head Lice?

Head lice are tiny parasitic insects (Pediculus humanus capitis) that live on the scalp and can be spread by close contact with other people.

They appear much like flakes of dandruff, but are stuck firmly to the hair shaft instead of flaking off of the scalp. Head lice do not cause a serious medical problem and do not spread other diseases (as body lice do), but they are spread very easily. Risk factors include close, overcrowded living conditions. Lice also spread readily among school children.

What are the Symptoms of Head Lice?

  • Intense itching of the scalp
  • Lice on scalp and clothing (these may be difficult to see, unless the infestation is heavy)
  • Eggs (nits) on the hair shaft (these appear as tiny white specks firmly attached to the base of the hair shaft)

How is Head Lice Diagnosed?

Examination is sufficient to determine the presence of lice.

Inspect the head of anyone who might have been exposed to lice using a bright light (full sun or the brightest lights in your home during daylight hours work well). A magnifying glass can also help.

Part the hair all the way down to the scalp in very small sections, looking both for moving insects and nits. Inspect the entire head this way. Look closely around the nape of the neck and ears, the most common locations for nits. Treatment is recommended if even one nit is found.

The infestation may be confined to the scalp or may include the surface of the body (body lice), including the groin area (pubic lice).

What is the Treatment for Head Lice?

Over-the-counter and prescription lotions and shampoos (pediculocides) are reasonably effective. Resistance to these pediculocides is growing, making it increasingly difficult to clear up infections. Disinfect bed clothing, combs, brushes, hats and other personal hygiene items (typically wash in hot, soapy water) to prevent reinfestation. Do this the same time the affected person is treated.

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