BRONCHITIS

Cigarette smoking (active and passive exposure) is the chief cause of Bronchitis. Factors that make it worse include air pollution, infection, familial factors, and allergies. The severity of the disease relates to the amount and duration of smoking. Chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma as a group are the fifth-leading cause of death in the United States. The incidence is two out of 100 people.

What is Bronchitis?

Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchi, the main air passages to the lungs. Acute bronchitis generally follows a viral respiratory infection. The viral infection produces bronchial inflammation, which sets the stage for bronchitis and secondary bacterial infection. Chronic bronchitis is a long-term condition of excessive bronchial mucus with a productive cough. Chronic bronchitis is also known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

What are the Symptoms of Bronchitis?

Symptoms can include:

  • cough that produces mucus (sputum), may be blood streaked
  • shortness of breath aggravated by exertion or mild activity
  • frequent respiratory infections (such as colds.
  • wheezing
  • fatigue
  • ankle, feet, and leg swelling that affects both sides
  • reddish face, palms, or mucous membranes
  • reddish cheeks
  • headaches
  • vision abnormalities

How is Bronchitis Diagnosed?

There are various ways of diagnosing bronchitis such as:

  • rales (abnormal sounds in the lungs) or other abnormal breathing sounds
  • pulmonary function tests
  • arterial blood gas
  • chest X-ray

What is the Treatment for Bronchitis?

Treatment is aimed at relieving symptoms and preventing complications. Smoking and all other respiratory irritants should be avoided. Intake of plenty of fluids and inhalation of humidified warm air can help loosen secretions and ease coughing. It is best if productive coughing is allowed to bring up mucus, but a cough medicine should be used if coughing fits become unbearable.

Respiratory treatments including nebulizers and postural drainage also facilitate the removal of thick mucus from the airways. Oral antibiotics are prescribed in certain circumstances. Home oxygen therapy, physical exercise programs, breathing exercises, and patient education programs all contribute to the treatment plan.

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