HYPERTHYROIDISM

Graves’ disease accounts for 85% of all cases of hyperthyroidism. The causes of hyperthyroidism include Graves’ disease; tumors of the thyroid gland, pituitary gland, testes or ovaries; inflammation of the thyroid from a viral infection or other inflammation; ingestion of excessive amounts of thyroid hormone; and ingestion of excessive iodine.

What is Hyperthyroidism?

Hyperthyroidism is an imbalance in metabolism that occurs from overproduction of thyroid hormone.

The thyroid gland is located in the neck and produces several hormones that regulate growth, digestion, and the use of nutrients (metabolism). It is part of the endocrine system..

Hyperthyroidism or thyrotoxicosis results from excess quantities of thyroid hormone within the body. Rather than being classified as a specific disease, it is classified as a syndrome that describes the characteristics resulting from this condition.

What are the Common Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism?

  • Weight loss
  • Increased appetite
  • Nervousness
  • Restlessness
  • Heat intolerance
  • Increased sweating
  • Fatigue
  • Muscle cramps
  • Frequent bowel movements
  • Menstrual irregularities in women
  • Goiter may be present

How is Hyperthyroidism Diagnosed?

Vital signs (temperature, pulse, rate of breathing, blood pressure) show increased heart rate. Systolic blood pressure may be elevated. Physical examination may reveal thyroid enlargement or goiter.

Laboratory tests that evaluate thyroid function:

  • Serum TSH is usually decreased
  • Serum T3, T4, thyroid resin uptake are usually elevated

This disease may also alter the results of the following tests:

  • Vitamin B-12
  • TSI
  • Triglycerides
  • RT3U
  • Radioactive iodine uptake
  • Glucose test
  • Cholesterol test
  • Antithyroglobulin antibody

How is Hyperthyroidism Treated?

Treatment will vary depending on the cause of the condition and the severity of symptoms. Hyperthyroidism is usually treated with antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine, or surgery.

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