DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION

Disseminated intravascular coagulation may be stimulated by many factors. These factors includ infection in the blood by bacteria or fungus, severe tissue injury as in burns and head injury, cancer, reactions to blood transfusions, and obstetrical complications such as retained placenta after delivery.

What is Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation?

A disorder of diffuse activation of the clotting cascade that results in depletion of clotting factors in the blood.

Disseminated intravascular coagulation occurs when the blood clotting mechanisms are activated throughout the body instead of being localized to an area of injury. Small blood clots form throughout the body, and eventually the blood clotting factors are used up and not available to form clots at sites of tissue injury. Clot dissolving mechanisms are also increased. This disorder is variable in its clinical effects, and can result in either clotting symptoms or, more often, bleeding. Bleeding can be severe.

What are the risk factors?

Risk factors are:

  • Recent sepsis - infection of the blood stream
  • Recent injury or trauma
  • Recent surgery or anesthesia
  • Complications of labor and delivery
  • Leukemia or disseminated cancer
  • Recent blood transfusion reaction
  • Severe liver disease

What are the Symptoms of DIC?

  • bleeding, possibly from multiple sites in the body
  • thrombosis formation evidenced by bluish coloration of the fingers
  • sudden onset of bruising<

How is Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Diagnosed?

What is the Treatment for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation?

The objective of treatment is to determine the underlying cause of DIC and provide treatment for it.

Replacement therapy of the coagulation factors is achieved by transfusion of fresh frozen plasma. Cryoprecipitates may also be used if fibrinogen is significantly decreased. Heparin, a medication used to prevent thrombosis, is sometimes used in combination with replacement therapy.

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